Abstract: 　Objective　To explore the effect of gestational hypertension on multiple organ system in neonates. Methods A total of 100 newborns whose mother had pregnancy complicating primary hypertension admitted to our hospital from December 2011 to December 2012 were selected and divided into preeclampsia group (n=53), gestational hypertension group (n=47) according to the blood pressure during pregnancy. Meanwhile, 100 newborns with healthy mother were selected as control group including 12 term infants and 88 premature infants. Data including birth weight, length and head circumference, Apgar score, the percentage of amniotic fluid pollution, placental abruption and fetal distress, Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NABA) score, serum level of creatine kinase, pulmonary arterial pressure, thyroid function, blood glucose, blood routine, cranial MRI parameters were collected and compared among three groups. Results In preeclampsia group, the gestational age, birth weight and head circumference, 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores were lowest while the ratio of low birth weight infants was highest among three groups, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). In preeclampsia group, the rates of antenatal abnormalities (amniotic fluid meconium III degree pollution, placental abruption and fetal distress) and complications (severe infection, myocardial damage, neonatal polycythemia, liver and kidney damage, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism and respiratory failure) were highest among three groups, and the differences were significant (P<0.01). In preeclampsia group, the red blood cell count, the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and thyroid stimulating hormone were significantly higher than those in the other two groups ( P<0.05 ), and the white blood cell and platelet count was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The passive muscle tension scores in preeclampsia group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). The abnormity rate of cranial MRI in preeclampsia group was highest among three groups, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). Conclusions Gestational hypertension may cause multisystem disorders in newborns, such as fetal intrauterine growth restriction, endocrine system disorders, heart dysfunction, increased blood viscosity, delayed neurodevelopment. The severity of gestational hypertension is associated with the adverse impact on the multiple systems in neonates.